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A patient with respiratory failure showed the following clinical sign in his respiratory pattern: 1. What is the precise name of this sign? a) Paradoxical diaphragmatic movement b) Hoover’s sign c) Intercostal retraction 2.  What is its...

A 63-year-old woman with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) was on noninvasive mechanical ventilation (NIV) with an oronasal mask in an ICU ventilator in the pressure support ventilation (PSV) mode. The cycling off criterion was set to...

A 66 year-old man, former smoker, was admitted to the ICU due to respiratory failure. He has been mechanically ventilated for the past 24 hours. He is on pressure controlled ventilation (PCV) with a tidal volume (VT)...

A 69 year-old woman was admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU) with sepsis secondary to a urinary tract infection. She had a pulse oximetry of 92% while breathing room air and her respiratory rate was 23...

A 70 years old male, ex-smoker (40 pack-years) patient was admitted to the emergency room because of dyspnea in the last 4 days probably due to a viral respiratory infection. His respiratory rate was 18 bpm and...

A physiotherapist drew attention to the inspiratory flow curve format in A/C - PCV Mode as shown in the image below. Source: www.xlung.net This was from a patient with exacerbated COPD in resolution phase from a severe...

A 55 year-old male patient with pneumonia and bilateral lung opacities in the chest x-ray had an arterial blood gas analysis (ABG) with these results while he was on oxygen therapy with the following device: Source: www.xlung.net...

A 26-year-old patient with a severe asthma attack was intubated on mechanical ventilation in the A / C-VCV mode with Tidal Volume (VT) of 500 ml (8 ml / kg body weight), with elevated airway pressure (Paw)....

A 60-year-old, non-smoker patient was admitted to the ICU in the exploratory laparotomy immediate postoperative period for acute abdomen caused by complicated appendicitis . He is under the residual effect of anesthetics, without reacting to sound or...

A 52-year-old patient, non-smoker, comes to the emergency room with evident dyspnoeaone day after the onset of a common cold. Due to an 88% SpO₂, on arrival, O₂ was administered by a nasal catheter with a flow...